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Milton's antiprelatical tracts : ウィキペディア英語版
Milton's antiprelatical tracts
John Milton's antiprelatical tracts are a series of five political pamphlets that attack the episcopal form of church leadership.
==Background==
During Bishops’ Wars of 1639 and 1640, Milton joined the factions opposing the policies of William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the policies of the Church of England. Soon after, an antiprelatical movement started and the Root and Branch petition was put to Parliament 11 December 1640. The petition called for the end of the episcopal hierarchy and Laud was removed from his position on 18 December 1640. After a few months, a royalist, pro-episcopal movement was started. This movement was led by Joseph Hall, and it was he that produced pamphlets supporting the Church of England hierarchy.〔Wheeler 2003 p. 265〕
Hall published ''An Humble Remonstrance to the High Court of Parliament'' in January 1641. The tract argued in support of the Church of England's liturgy and the episcopal hierarchy of the church. This work was responded to by Smectymnuus, five Puritan clergy, in the work ''An Answer to a Booke Entituled, An Humble Remonstrance''. This publication started a pamphlet dispute between the two sides, and Hall published ''A Defence of the Humble Remonstrance against the Frivolous... Exceptions of Smectymnuus'' on 12 April 1641. This tract was responded to with ''Vindication of the Answer to the Humble Remonstrance, from the Unjust Imputations of Frivolousness and Falsehood'' on 26 June 1641 by Smectymnuus. Milton joined in the debate with his ''Of Reformation'' published May 1641. The debate between Hall and Milton became personalised as the conflict progressed, with an ever-increasing emphasis on personal integrity.〔

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